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Poverty & the Environment: A Grist Special Series
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Fighting Fire with Ire

How one group is keeping communities safe from wildfire

By Jeff Nachtigal
15 Feb 2006
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Hayfork, Calif., is a one-highway town. A small collection of storefronts and a post office hug Highway 3, a two-lane strip that curls through the Shasta-Trinity National Forest. A decade ago, this was a major route for logging trucks. These days, a few trucks still rumble through, but the road is mostly quiet, mirroring the decline this Northern California outpost has gone through since its economy began sagging in the early 1990s.

Hayfork's main drag.
Hayfork's main drag.
Photo: Jeff Nachtigal.
For decades, logging and the steady drone of the sawmill had provided jobs and comfort. When the end came, Hayfork -- like hundreds of forest communities scattered throughout the West -- didn't need a few extra jobs, it needed a whole new approach to building businesses and employing the skills of its foresters and loggers. That's where the Watershed Research and Training Center came in.

Founded in 1993 and located in Hayfork, the center helps nearby forest communities make the transition from timber to sustainable alternatives. About six people work and volunteer at the center, promoting collaborative stewardship projects with the U.S. Forest Service, fostering small enterprises like furniture-making, and developing wildfire prevention and preparedness plans, among other projects.

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Recently, the center helped a community an hour west of Hayfork get a wildfire planning project off the ground. The Post Mountain subdivision, a group of about 1,000 houses, sits amid a highly flammable pine forest bordered by Forest Service property. The rural, low-income community needed to make sure that everyone could escape in case of fire. People still remember the 1987 wildfires, says WRTC director Lynn Jungwirth, "when the whole world burned up here."

With the center's support, representatives of the Post Mountain community and the Forest Service met regularly to hammer out a realistic approach to fuel-reduction work and maintaining an ecologically sound forest. During the planning process, the Forest Service produced maps and data detailing the value of trees that might be thinned and riparian areas that needed special care. In the end, the team created a plan for safe escape routes and for a forest where fire can naturally move through without destroying everything in its path.

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It's the kind of collaborative approach that should be re-created across the West, but Jungwirth doesn't think the model can be easily packaged for other communities. For one thing, the current budget crunch has dried up federal support for local projects. For another, the "landscape, social fabric, and the Forest Service are so idiosyncratic that models don't work very well," she says.

Jungwirth thinks small nonprofits are vital to making the process work locally, and others agree. "Community forest groups have a really strong role to play in helping low-income communities organize and engage in government programs, and get work contracts," said Cecilia Danks, an assistant professor at the University of Vermont who studied Hayfork's community-based approaches to managing wildfire.

As local groups organize to do just that, many recognize WRTC as a leader in innovation and action; Jungwirth regularly gets calls asking for advice. As to the issues these towns face, she says that while fire is an annual threat, it's nothing compared to prolonged economic depression. "These are forest people, and they want to live and work in the forest," Jungwirth says. "Right now, with such gridlock over national-forest management, those towns are pretty much squeezed to death."


Click here to read more about the connection between wildfire and poverty.

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Freelance writer Jeff Nachtigal has written about national forest management issues, the California National Guard, and high-tech labor organizing. He lives in Berkeley, Calif.
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We are both the "invasive species"...

...and the "fire insurance."

As long as humans put themselves above the environment, as if the wildland urban interface is our playground where we can live in our picture postcard dream home (with fire insurance), then "we" are the invasive species. When we declared war on fire a hundred years ago and labeled (for the records) fire "evil," we lost touch with our "purpose" as human beings. As a wildland firefighter ceritified in many areas in wildland fire operations as a "single resource," it is clear to me that we humans are out of touch with why we are here on this planet. We invade other countries out of selfishness and greed. We invade the forests out of selfishness and greed. We invade other human and animal "spaces" out of selfishness and greed. Like the fuels that have built up in our forests because of prolonged fire suppression, the same insatiable human appetite for more and more, with disregard for the effects, has reached the point of an inevitable catastrophic (economical, social & environmental) collapse.

We are out of touch with who we are as a cuture. We are out of touch with what we are and why we are. We are more concerned with buying more useless material items while staying in debt, rather than taking responsibility for the well being of everything around us. Those who choose to live in a wildland urban interface to satisfy personal motives need to snap out of DENIAL (a contageous dis-ease that is running rampant throughout this culture) and learn to become "Stewards of the Land."

What is your relationship with the Land? What did the land look like before fire suppression became the policy of a corrupt government owned by greedy corporations? What did the land look like before European settlers "invaded" this country?

Fire was once a natural part of our landscape. Low intensity fire helped maintain balance and order in the forests and kept forests "healthy and biodiverse." (Many Native Americans understood this principle and, prior to the arrival of European settlers, practiced "prescribed burning" methods that supported the health of themselves AND the health of the forests and animals.) However, that knowledge was lost when the European settlers came to understand "timber" as a valuable commodity and perceived fire as "evil" and actually declared war on it. (Good old Smokey the Bear became the perfect propoganda prop to further their cause.) Unfortunately, without low intensity fire to keep forests healthy and diverse, we now have a catastrohpic problem on our hands. The amount of acummulated "bio mass" needed to be removed from our forests, to help nature recover somewhat, is MASSIVE! Like the Karma that will come to all Americans for, directly or indirectly, invading and destroying other peoples cultures, a similar Karma is now at our doorstep.

You want fire insurance? Look inside yourself. Learn to connect to your true nature and how that supports and nourishes your environment...the land your home is on. Each and everyone of us has a purpose on this planet, unrelated to the fashionable addictions most Americans have to any and everything that keeps them constantly preoccupied with being busy doing absolutely nothing worthwhile.

We each need to realign ourselves with our purpose and mission in life; not to serve ourself (always first), but to serve the greater good of all living creatures. Time is growing short on all fronts. Our forests need to be intelligently and carefully "thinned" (leaving all old growth) with mimimum impact on the sensitive ecosystem. Low intensity fire must follow. Therapy for the forests will be therapy for ourselves. They go hand and hand, limb and limb.  (Channel the billions of dollars allocated to an illegal war, by a corrupted administration, towards hiring a few million "poor" people to recover our forests. It's a "win-win" situation.)

Time to make a stand for something good, anything. Either this makes sense or it doesn't. The lines are being drawn. Whether you are rich or poor, it does not matter.  What does matter is what side you choose to align yourself with?

A fully functional and dedicated "Steward of the Land," steeped in principles gleaned from Nature (and not the corrupted corporations), is the only true "fire insurance" there is. Our ability to positively Steward the Land is the "fire insurance" policy that the old growth forest has always expected from us, as a coherent human race. The policy expired over the last hundred years. Time to renew it for the sake of the forest and ourselves?

Jeffrey Learned

Wildfires

When you think about it, wild fires have probably been around longer than most people realize.  Just think, in the past 60 years how many wildfires have happened?  Now think about how long earth has been around...  Thats amazing.  Wildfires are just a part of nature.  The only reason that we feel the need to to control them is the pure fact that the fires may affect us.  

If a (natural) wildfire destroys a forest, than it was just meant to be.  It's nobody's fault, and nothing we could do.  It somewhat falls under the concept of natural selection.


Yay WRTC!

I think it is wonderful what organizations such as WRTC are doing. The best way to transition our country to become a greener one, we must learn compromise and consider those of who would otherwise be left out in the cold. By incorporating the foresters's and loggers's skills, the town was able give these people jobs while supporting the tree population. Biodiesel still requires low amounts oil, only some people from the oil companies would need to be redirected to other jobs. The problem, there in, is how to incorporate the skills they have with a new career.

As for wildfires in themselves, with over population comes expansion. As long as we're making more babies than we have land, we'll continue infringing on the natural order of things.

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