Balance and reason: beloved by people who love them

What kind of rhetoric creates social change? 29

In the course of questioning James Lovelock's apocaphilia, Jon Lebkowsky says this:

A solution to the problem of global warming begins with a cautious, balanced, and rational approach, and getting there is as much about our psychological and social frameworks than our ability to analyze and predict.

The latter half of that statement seems obviously true. But why should we believe that, among our many "psychological and social frameworks," the "cautious, balanced, and rational approach" is the most important or the most effective one?

It would be nice if being balanced and rational were the first step toward solutions. That would certainly play to the strengths of most environmental thinkers and writers, who tend to be white, affluent, highly educated, wonky nerds. (Please understand, this is no knock on Jon -- I'm a proud member of that very demographic.) It's certainly something they/we tend to take for granted.

But what evidence is there that balanced and rational approaches are the most effective at creating social change? It's perfectly fine with me if people want to claim that staying within the careful bounds of scientific consensus, eschewing exaggeration or charged rhetoric, and using fact-based, reasoned debate are virtuous in and of themselves. Lots of people, myself included, think so. It's fine with me if people have an aesthetic preference for that kind of writing. It's fine with me if people want to say that balance and reason are primary virtues -- that the ends (creating social change) do not justify the means (non-balanced, unreasonable rhetoric).

But making the claim that balance and reason are the most effective psychological and social frameworks through which to create change is something else entirely. I just don't see much evidence for that. Most social change seems to me to proceed via the limbic system, not the frontal cortex. It happens via values and narrative, identity and status, not platonic devotion to empirical truth. It happens backwards and sideways and irrationally, not rationally, step by step.

This is not an insignificant point. I happen to enjoy the engineer-centric tone of most green writing. But let's not fool ourselves.

David Roberts is staff writer for Grist. You can follow his Twitter feed at twitter.com/drgrist.

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  1. ffletcher Posted 9:49 am
    30 Nov 2006

    balanced and rational people tend to be white,What support do you have for your position that balanced and rational people tend to be white?  I am not so sure that I agree with that, I certainly have not seen any studies that suggest that to be the case.
    I think supporting a position that balance and rational thinking repersents the best way to strategically approach an issue and provides a good foundation from which one may best develop a solution to a problem like global warming would be found to be stronger position than the position that balance and rational thinking are the characteristics that distinquish white people from others.
    Martin Luther King, Andrew Young, and even Jesse Jackson are examples of rational balanced people who have known how to best communicate and effect change.
  2. sunflower's avatar

    sunflower Posted 10:01 am
    30 Nov 2006

    Lock and LoadThat was a very balanced and reasoned repudiation of balance and reason.  I am with you on this.
    Cassandra and I have been radicalized beyond our values and we don't like it.
    Radical it is.
    Ready to make not nice.
  3. Zarkov Posted 10:02 am
    30 Nov 2006

    SanityThere is no valid definition of sanity

    It is being rational??????????????LOL
    Many a rational person is really insane.

    [No not certifiable,..... but... unaware, apathetic, moronic........ just no empathy for LIFE, they actually become anti-LIFE.]
    So is 'sanity' being like the next person????
    NO, sanity is a unique state, where the person is totally free of poisons.... including industrial pollutants, so that they are guided by their clear direct conscience and therefore all their actions are sustainable in the long term.  

    They do not spin.
    >> balanced and rational
    LOL, I am afraid our leaders are not sane

    and, sadly even our scientists.
    Hey, Get a committee, it would be just as effective.
    Good luck
  4. bookerly Posted 10:04 am
    30 Nov 2006

    Hmmmm

       David, were you really trying to suggest that most balanced and rational people are white males?  I suspect this is a paragraph that got away from you.....
       Please, clarify.
    patrick
  5. David Roberts's avatar

    David Roberts Posted 10:06 am
    30 Nov 2006

    FfletcherRereading my post ... and ... nope, didn't say that. Not sure how you conjured that up.
    I said environmental thinkers and writers tend to be white. I probably should have added who spend their time writing stuff on the web, but either way, I'm pretty sure it's true, however lamentable.
    I suppose it depends on what you mean by "solution." If I were Emperor of the Universe, tasked with coming up with and imposing a solution to global warming, sure, I'd use caution, balance, and reason. That's what we might call a Solution on Paper (SP), something the green internet hordes are certainly expert at generating.
    But then there's Solutions in the Real World (SRW), which involve far more than EROI, carbon sequestration, and tax shifting. They involve rhetoric and persuasion and mobilization and media strategy. It's the SRWs I'm talking about -- it's just not immediately obvious to me why we would assume that balance and reason are the most effective way to generate SRWs.

    www.grist.org
  6. David Roberts's avatar

    David Roberts Posted 10:09 am
    30 Nov 2006

    Logic, peopleAll A's are B ≠ all B's are A
    Or rather:
    All white, affluent, highly educated, wonky nerds are balanced and rational ≠ all rational people are white, affluent, highly educated, wonky nerds
    Yeah?

    www.grist.org
  7. Zarkov Posted 10:12 am
    30 Nov 2006

    Game Over>> But what evidence is there that balanced and rational approaches are the most effective at creating social change?
    none!
    All real change comes from radical people,

    such people are treated like dirt, marginalised and persecuted, but eventually their logic is taken as the way forward.
    But in between times there is a real war.... sanity against insanity!
    Today, the only sane people left on the planet are uneducated powerless primitives, totally doomed to extinction.
    Now the world is controlled by the masses of poisoned people who define 'sanity' to fit their own unsustainable behaviours.
    Game over.
  8. ffletcher Posted 10:14 am
    30 Nov 2006

    Sunflower Is Rational and I suspect BalancedWhen one makes a decision to be radical and irrational it is quite a different thing than being by one's nature irrational and unbalanced.
    I find Sunflower to be a very rational person in his presentation of his thoughts and he has influenced me from that center of his.  I am a strong support of concentrating PV because he showed me the wisdom of that technology.  
  9. ffletcher Posted 10:19 am
    30 Nov 2006

    Change is Messy It Take RadicalsChange does take special people who know how to fire up their creativity and motivate people even scare people and who appear to be out of control, but are in fact acting strategically and with a logical purpose.  Thing is that you don't start with being nuts.
  10. sunflower's avatar

    sunflower Posted 10:51 am
    30 Nov 2006

    Gee, ThanksNarcissism is useless against global warming.  It is a contradiction.
    At this point, doing solar technology is like painting a burning house.
    If we don't get a large, boots-on-the-ground revolution then we are toast.
    Cassandra is a psychiatrist so being nuts is not an option.
  11. ffletcher Posted 12:33 pm
    30 Nov 2006

    On With the RevolutionWhat is it that you propose that we do.  I contend that this is an all together rational and balanced group.  Smart, understanding, considerate.  Maybe even
    What does it mean to get radical?  What is a boots on the ground revolution?  Is it just talk, or is it action?
  12. sunflower's avatar

    sunflower Posted 12:49 pm
    30 Nov 2006

    Attitude

    like nothing else matters.
    We just can not do business as usual.   I hope, after the denial, the anger is contagious and we rise up by the millions to demand change.
    I, for one,  have declared independence from a government that has surrendered to the enemy of humanity.
  13. ffletcher Posted 1:18 pm
    30 Nov 2006

    What is Your State DoingWhat is your state doing to reduce greenhouse gases?  What have you done to get people elected to enact legislation?  In California this is a major issue, yet the rest of the country stands by and acts like we are just a bunch of nuts.  Frankly I am tired or being marginalized as irrational.
  14. Jason D Scorse's avatar

    Jason D Scorse Posted 1:50 pm
    30 Nov 2006

    I fundamentally disagree with this piece...Rationality and reason has been central in a number of movements:


    The development of market economies and the great wealth this has brought us is based on reasoned analysis
    The abolishment of slavery was partially based on reason
    As was women's rights
    And at its core environmentalism is reasonable and rational


    Sure, emotion, passion, etc. have a role but if there weren't good reasons and rationalities behind big ideas they usually won't last- there are some exceptions of course
    I, for one, will work hard for a world that is more rational and based on reason.
    J.S.

    J.S. teaches environmental economics and blogs at http://www.voicesofreason.info.
  15. TokyoTom's avatar

    TokyoTom Posted 2:06 pm
    30 Nov 2006

    David, you're rightand Exxon-Bush "skeptics" have acted in precisely the manner you suggest.  They have logically and rationally crafted strategies that rely heavily on the fact that people are not logical and rational.
    Those who want to see climate change measures may need to do the same thing.
  16. Zarkov Posted 2:28 pm
    30 Nov 2006

    Act NOWI have asked this forum to act now.

    Please do water evaporation tests on standing water in your area.

    see details at omegafour.com
    If these tests show what is theorised then
    >> we rise up by the millions to demand change.>>
    Rise up by the billions... it is your children's lives you are playing with.

    We adults are already dead
    The future must be saved.
    PS Post all results to the above link.
  17. bookerly Posted 3:40 pm
    30 Nov 2006

    logic

    David says "All white, affluent, highly educated, wonky nerds are balanced and rational ≠ all rational people are white, affluent, highly educated, wonky nerds".
    This is true, but just as the second part of the equation if false, alas, so is the first...
    Both sides are false, so in that sense, they are equal!!  LOL.
    patrick
  18. caniscandida Posted 9:06 pm
    30 Nov 2006

    ideals, aspirationsPatrick, David was surely not making a claim about "all white ... nerds."  Give him credit for some basic observational faculties.  He was only commenting on a bit of illogic.  The veracity of his particular examples is irrelevant.
    On an alleged connexion between ethnicity and gender, and rationality, we might consider some recent winners of the Nobel Peace Prize:
    Muhammad Yunus, of Bangladesh; 2006

    Mohamed El Baradei, of Egypt; 2005

    Wangari Maathai, of Kenya, the first environmentalist prize winner; 2004

    Rigoberta Menchu, of Guatemala; 1992

    Aung San Suu Kyi, of Burma; 1991.
    El Baradei is basically a professional Western scientist and diplomat; but all of them are thoughtful, rational, shrewd, adroit; and they did not get where they got without using their heads.
    In the human animal, there is no such thing as pure rationality, operating without other influences.  That is one of the great conflicts in Greek literature: how to preserve the state, in peaceful harmony, or the soul, in peaceful harmony, from invaders from without, and from disruptions from within.  Such invasions and disruptions are examples of "suffering": "pathos," "passion."
    To get back to Jon Lebkowsky's sentence, the word that I have a problem with is "cautious."  As has been suggested earlier this year by others, when it comes to the environment, and to the climate crisis and the extinction crisis in particular, we really need to adopt an analogue to Dick Cheney's "One-percent doctrine."  I.e., even if the data are unclear, and the probabilities are tangled, we need to have the worst-case scenario before our eyes at all times, and to take drastic measures to prevent its coming to pass.

    Chickens are our cousins!

    So are other sensitive animals!

    Enough is enough!

    No more factory farms!
  19. djnoll Posted 10:20 pm
    30 Nov 2006

    Reason tempered with passion and commitmentAs I read this posting and the ones that followed, I had to smile.  Yes, reasoned, empirical logic can often make a strong case for social change.  Many examples of this are included in this discussion, but in citing such examples as the women's movement or economic growth, there was also passion for the causes and commitment to the purpose that created the social change.  Yes, there was reasoned arguments for these changes - they made sense to the majority of the population, but it was the passion and commitment to see the battle through to its conclusion that made the social framework alter itself to accommodate the changes.  Without passion, any argument can be made for social change, but it will fall on deaf ears because no one will want to hear the argument.  For example, the arguments about climate change have been made by scientists for over 25 years, and yet no one paid attention to the experts, who were reasoned and balanced in their arguments.  However, when Al Gore makes a movie based on his passionate belief that this is important, even though he is not a scientist or any kind of expert, people listen and they begin to act.
    I am a strong believer in logic and reason.  I am a student (at age 54 so you understand I have life experience to support me) in Public Policy, and I have a life long interest in history.  So, I can safely say, that reason and logic and calm debate have done very little to change anything.  However, take the same facts and put passion and commitment behind them, talk with conviction and facts, and change can occur.  Part of the problem that the environmental movement has had over the years is that they have failed to understand that rhetoric can only take you so far, unless you can touch the hearts, as well as the minds of society, you cannot create change.  I know that the people who work for the various environmental groups are passionate about their efforts and work tirelessly to try to accomplish things, but they need to come together, pool their arguments and then with commitment and passion, talk to the hearts of American citizens, not just the heads.  Then you may actually see the changes begin to happen.
  20. Deborah Byrd Posted 10:38 pm
    30 Nov 2006

    holding a place for thingsOf course, rationality and balance and reason - and even caution - have their place.  Some people hold that place in the world for the rest of us.
    And of course, passion and conviction and touching people in their hearts have a place.  Other people hold that place in the world.
    There's no reason why we can't have all of the above, in a world of 6.5 billion people.  We're all different.  We pursue many paths.  All of these things are happening at once.
    The reality of climate change is that pure unadulterated need is probably what will transcend all the rhetoric and get people to act.  When people begin to see that we are linked to the Earth - and that climate change will affect us all.  
    Climate change is not a movement, like women's rights or the abolishion of slavery.  
    Climate change is a physical reality that may well affect the human infrastructures we need to survive.

    Deborah Byrd

    Earth & Sky Radio Series

    "A clear voice for science."
  21. kmp Posted 12:20 am
    01 Dec 2006

    Reasonably passionate?I suspect that part of David's point (correct me if I'm wrong, Dave) was that, while reason & balance are nice, and may well play to the sensibilities of a crowd that spends their time arguing on a Blog, it will take more than just balance and reason to effect real change on global warming.
    A for instance...  if reason & balance were "the way" to solve climate change, then simply everyone would be jumping on the Al Gore bandwagon - I think if you look up "reason & balance" in Wikipedia you see Al's mug.  However, IMO, you need a combination of reason & balance with passion & charisma.  Al comes up with the plan (SR) and Bill Clinton convinces the American public and the legislature (SRW).
  22. jjwfmme Posted 12:35 am
    01 Dec 2006

    I agree with DavidMost social change seems to me to proceed via the limbic system, not the frontal cortex.
    This would be true. Not that reason doesn't get a prominent place, but making too much of a fetish of reason might lead to a kind of tone deafness toward forms of eloquence that may not be strictly reason-based.
    If you go back to the civil rights movement-- weren't there a lot of criticisms of MLK that he was being unreasonable? That he should be more patient in his approach to acheiving change? MLK's reply to this was not some sort of logical syllogism...
    And back to this statement of George Lakoff's:      
    Within traditional liberalism you have a history of rational thought that was born out of the Enlightenment: all meanings should be literal, and everything should follow logically. So if you just tell people the facts, that should be enough -- the truth shall set you free. All people are fully rational, so if you tell them the truth, they should reach the right conclusions. That, of course, has been a disaster.
    I heard a NPR story a while back on Rosa Parks, and how there was a myth that was constructed about how she was just going about her business and all of a sudden it occurred to her that she shouldn't give up her seat. This made sense from the perspective of the civil rights movement's story, but in fact, Parks was an experienced and dedicated activist with passionate beliefs.
    I'm all for reason, but the passions seem important as well. Not everyone falls under the category of a "Center-Left Technocrat," and I think you limit yourself if you're only willing to work with other centrist technocrats. (Of course, non-rational activism can have its own issues, but that's another story...)
  23. Kit Stolz's avatar

    Kit Stolz Posted 3:25 am
    01 Dec 2006

    logic and mythThe Rosa Parks story is a wonderful example of the fascinating and mysterious nature of social movments. Not only was she an activist, but she was not the first black person who refused to move to the back of the bus when asked. But for whatever reason--the person, the moment, the way the story was told--the previous instances caused barely a ripple, but Rosa Parks' example changed everything (in time).
    Not so long ago, people used to call this the 100th monkey effect, and think this process of social change was shown in a scientific study. The irony is that the "effect" turns out to be a story itself.
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundredth_Monkey
    But our evident need for the story shows that although we need the science to understand what is happening and guide our choices, we need the story--the myth--to inspire us.
  24. bookerly Posted 7:24 am
    01 Dec 2006

    Now Seriously

       Dear CanisCandida,
            My inclusion of the LOL (Laughs Out Loud) was to show that I was joking... (smile).
            Does social change happen through balance and reason?  Umm, mostly it happens through organizing.  Step by step, doing the hard work.  See the Grist interview with Sam Pratt.
    http://www.grist.org/comments/interactivist/2006/11/27/pr...
            Both balance and reason and emotion are tools that are useful along the way.
            Committment, communication (getting off the computer and getting out talking to people), and perseverence count a lot.
            So, this question, while fun and interesting, strikes me as a false dichotomy.
    patrick
  25. wiscidea Posted 9:03 am
    01 Dec 2006

    So...Rather than learn our lessons from the enlightenment, we are going to reconsider the value of reason. Though we have made social and economic progress... though we have slowed down degradation of the environment... though we have improved education... the "rational" elite has decided things are not improving fast enough and the rational thing to do is to return to an earlier approach to solving problems. We will do a "gut check" like our President, we will "look into the eyes" of people to decide whether they are with us or against us. We will trust our feelings, perhaps disregard reality if we feel it is not quite helping the cause.
    "Most social change seems to me to proceed via the limbic system, not the frontal cortex. It happens via values and narrative, identity and status, not platonic devotion to empirical truth. It happens backwards and sideways and irrationally, not rationally, step by step."
    Sadly, most of the social change proceeding via the limbic system is not for the better. Consider a few recent events. It brought the Neocons to power. It motivated a small group of Saudi Arabians to fly jets into buildings full of innocent people. It led to a pre-emptive war in Iraq. It motivated Americans to re-elect George W. Bush.
    When progressives decide that they are absolutely certain regarding their approach to solving the worlds problems, when they are ready to do something, anything, even the wrong thing, when they decide force might be a suitable approach... you can absolutely count me out. At that point I will give up any hope for a better world.
    I fear the environmentalist who KNOWS HE IS RIGHT and prepared to do whatever is necessary to save the world more than I fear the religious fundamentalists. And I hope the U.S. government tracks them just as they track other terrorist.
    I'm fairly certain the extreme environmentalists disapprove of much that I do, but I do it to save the natural ecosystems our lives depend on. I believe I care about the world as much as they do. Are they interested in a rational scientific approach to solving problems? Do they want to understand why some people believe there are different approaches to creating a sustainable human society?
    Or... Will they decide there is not even time for a trial? Will they decide there is an emergency and that I and others working in various scientific fields should be imprisoned? Perhaps re-educated? Or perhaps eliminated for the good of the world?
    The suggestion of discarding reason terrifies me.
  26. Jason D Scorse's avatar

    Jason D Scorse Posted 10:30 am
    01 Dec 2006

    I second that...the solution to a world that doesn't have as much reason as we'd like is not to give up on reason- that is a sure recipe for complete and utter disaster- it's what got us 2 terms of Bush and company.
    J.S.

    J.S. teaches environmental economics and blogs at http://www.voicesofreason.info.
  27. jjwfmme Posted 11:31 am
    01 Dec 2006

    Well,I'm just saying we shouldn't make an absolute fetish out of rationality to the point where we're tone deaf, where all we're willing to hear is the "cautious, balanced, and rational approach." That's the approach people were asking Martin Luther King to take up in the Birmingham Prison. And needless to say, it was valid that MLK decided not to be "cautious and balanced," and chose to really push things during the civil rights movement. I'm not saying that this sort of thing is for everyone, at all. But it can be a valid approach, and should not be discounted just because it doesn't look "cautious, balanced, and rational." --And needless to say you can do this and still be part of the "reality based community." (OK, now I'm taking a break for the weekend, as Patrick suggested...)
  28. Biodiversivist's avatar

    Biodiversivist Posted 3:23 am
    02 Dec 2006

    You need rational thoughtand the scientific method to identify problems and seek solutions. However, you cannot influence the masses using rational argument. At this point you have to use rational thought to find ways to motivate them using their own hormones.

    In the end, it all comes down to biodiversity. Help acquire and protect ecological hotspots, give to a conservation organization: http://www.saveourbiodiversity.com
  29. Zarkov Posted 6:46 am
    02 Dec 2006

    Reason ??????So what is reason?
    Is it "client reason" or is it "direct clear conscience reason" ?????????
    Client reasoning  is that practiced by the establishment, and propagandised to the masses.
    The latter type of reasoning "direct clear conscience reasoning" is designed by the SINGLE super-organism LIFE to enable an individual super cell to remain withing the whole, to allow them to remain within the natural laws that will ensure their sustainability.
    So what is radical reasoning?
    Radical reasoning only comes about when "direct clear conscience reasoning" fails to be the way forward, in other words the masses and the establishment are poisoned out of their conscience, they have become insane supper cells of LIFE bent on extinction.
    Radical reasoning in such a situation is usually expressed by one or a few, and so the error of client reasoning is exposed,

    AND WAR IS DECLARED on both sides.
    Which side are you one?
    Science on the other hand is the study of this reality, it should not be biased in any way, and it can not show the way forward, it just says what is.
    The only way forward and remain sustainable and have a future is for all citizens to be free of poisons (toxics),

    and all of them to be controlled by the same collective direct clear conscience.
    LIFE does not care, you may all die, LIFE will seed and go on...
    It really is up to you to clean up your act and join LIFE once again, even if all your cherished dreams, lollipops etc have to be discarded,
    and even if you have to fight your brother.

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