There are already 6.8 billion of us ...Photo courtesy James Cridland via FlickrFred Pearce keeps on saying that population growth
is no longer a problem. He said
it again yesterday as part of his World
Population Day message.
In Fred's view, it's very simple. Fertility rates have come down sharply over the past half century. Problem solved.
Sorry, Fred, saying that population growth is no longer a problem doesn't make it so, no matter how many times you say it. Neither does wishful thinking.
While admitting that world population may increase by another 2 billion or so by midcentury, he dismisses this increment as a "time-lag" problem.
Earth to Fred: 2 billion more people is a lot of people to a world that is already struggling to feed 6.8 billion people. It's a lot of people to a biosphere that is threatened with what leading biologists refer to as the Sixth Mass Extinction. And it's a lot of people to a planet that is already threatened with the effects of climate change. And while "population momentum" (i.e., large numbers of people entering their reproductive years) may account for some of the projected increase in human numbers, much of it is being driven by the fact that fertility rates in many developing countries around the world are still well above the "replacement rate."
Yes, Fred, we must do something about consumption. Unless we in the developed world do more to curb our consumption of fossil fuels and scarce minerals, the world is headed for an ecological and humanitarian disaster. We need to lower our per capita consumption of fossil fuels and other scarce resources. A lot. But I don't see the G8 or the G20 putting their heads together right now in an effort to lower consumer spending. Really, I don't. Neither do I see anything happening with respect to climate change.
And that's why it's especially important to prevent unwanted pregnancies in the U.S. and other developed nations. Sorry, Fred, it doesn't matter that America's fertility rate is right around the "replacement rate" or that Europe's is well below it. A baby born here or elsewhere in the developed world will still consume a disproportionate share of the world's resources and contribute disproportionately to the world's environmental problems.
It's also important to prevent unwanted pregnancies in the developing world. The reasons, however, are different. It really doesn't matter whether global fertility rates have dropped sharply; they remain unsustainably high in many of the least developed areas of the world. Yes, Fred, fertility rates have come down sharply in Iran and Bangladesh, but women in Afghanistan and Somalia and other desperately poor countries are still having four, five, or six children on average. Some poor countries, like Uganda and Niger, are on track to triple their populations over the next 40 years. Africa's population will likely double by mid-century.
Looking ahead, Fred, will these countries be able to feed themselves? Will they have enough safe drinking water? Will their lands be deforested or their rivers polluted? Will their maternal mortality rates and infant mortality rates remain unacceptably high? Will they be caught in a demographic poverty trap? Will they become failed states? If you have good answers to these questions, please let me know. Because if you don't, then we need to ensure that women in these developing countries are given the information and the access to contraceptives that they need to prevent unwanted and unintended pregnancies.
Someday we will be able to declare victory. Someday every woman will have access to family-planning services and reproductive health care. Someday world population will be in decline. Someday world population levels will pose no danger to the health of the planet. But that day has not arrived. Not yet. In the meantime, your breezy dismissal of the "population problem" does an enormous disservice to the planet and every living creature that calls it home.
-----
Read more about population and the option of going childfree:
- The GINK manifesto: Say it loud: I'm childfree and I'm proud
- Childfree messages in Sex and the City 2 and Eat, Pray, Love
- Pundits criticize Elena Kagan for being childfree
- How green are the ‘childless by choice’?
- Women’s rights are the right way to approach the population issue
- Nearly a fifth of American women skip childbearing
- Want to join the Voluntary Human Extinction Movement?
- And still more about population
The real price of cheap Walmart eggs?
This New Agtivist wants to grow food in old K-Marts
How bad are the next few years going to suck? 


Comments
Post a Comment +
Thank you so much for this well-written, thoughtful response. I was appalled at Pearce's article and that such nonsense would be posted on a site like Grist.
@Rachel O'Neill
@Rachel O'Neill
Did you abort and avoid having children? If not who approved your use of resources and certified that your children would not add the many mouth per child impacts of a developed country's citizen/consumer to world population?
Sad, that you and others but especially Walker are so out of touch with reality that you support a basic call for fewer people in the developed world under the call for fewer unwanted pregnancies as if Pearce had called for more or for less contraceptive aid!
Walker sets up a straw man and you Rachel, Biodiversivist and others on this blog make a meal of his straw.
When a significant reduction in resource usage is obtained by the use of high efficiency lighting does that change get reflected in Walker's calculus.
NO.
If a family in the wilds of Mendocino County CA (these folks actually exist as stated) lives completely off the grid, without fossil fuels, or substantial foodstuffs and whose farming practice makes them net carbon sinks does this change get reflected in Walker's calculus.
NO.
Walker makes clear that his simplistic calculus is contained in this example: If the developed world was wiped clean by some great pandemic then this would offset a few billion lives in the third world and thus make a small difference but as he is clear not nearly enough.
Walker wants the technology ONLY being developed in the first world, which has already brought viable and efficient lighting, methods for carbon free ...read more
@attoman
You lost me at "Did you abort and avoid having children" ...
@TurboDog50
The meaning is clear in context. I am asking Rachel if she has chosen not to have children given her population views. If she has children then she and the rest of population is critical crowd need to defend their choice.
Try reading the whole thing.
@attoman Clear in context? Actually it isn't. And why would someone want to read your opinion when it has such an offensive, illogical start? It's difficult to argue with someone who cannot put forth a coherent argument. That said ... you put forth a false choice: People who advocate for a sustainable population cannot have children? That's absurd. But the facts do bear out that people who understand this issue and believe in personal responsibility do have smaller families.
@TurboDog50
Being a two child dad I agree, I heard no one proposing to encourage more. I freely chose to limit. Not on the basis of some political edict, as Rachel and Walker would have it.
This whole discussion is false. Enough already.
The real issue is about the focus of the environmental movement. On what should we spend our limited time and resources? Our movement is about inside the U.S., and its actions in the greater world. In the US we do not have to focus on population. We need to try to address green consumption, alternative energy, water, and green transportation.
@attoman
Of course we can agree consumption is part of the issue, and alternative energy and green transportation are great and part of the mix. They will all help -- if there is a sustainable U.S. population. Your statement, "In the US we do not have to focus on population," is incorrect. We have a growth rate higher than China's, the most populated country on Earth. Most of our population growth is due to immigration and births to immigrants; we have mass unchecked illegal immigration. So you can do all the "green" technology you want, but the benefits will be wiped out by sheer numbers if there's no reasonable limit on growth.
@TurboDog50
Want to work on immigration issues? Its a political hot potato but that one issue illegal immigration is rife with political collaborators. Labor Unions, Tea Party, Arizona citizens etc.
Between all the interests and the loss of jobs in this depression-it will take care of itself. We certainly will know soon if illegal immigration is not nearing a solution.
I still think US population is not the right place for us to focus. Its a waste of our energy and resources.
@attoman
I agree ... if the country continues shedding workers -- and the only "growth" is in the gov't sector -- yes, illegal immigration may take care of itself for a time.
There certainly are others who believe in focusing elsewhere, but some of us will keep plugging aware on building awarenes about population issues ... enjoyed our exchange ... have a good evening!
Well said, sir. Thank you for taking the time to compose a timely response.
Yes, thank you, Mr. Walker, for responding so well and so quickly.
Thanks for this response.
The problem is, no one can prevent people from reproducing. Nature will, however.
@TheProphetNabob - you beat me to the post. I was going to say basically the same thing.
@TheProphetNabob
I think you would be hard pressed to find anyone who would advocate preventing people from reproducing. The point, as I understand it, is simply to give them the option to use contraception.
(or, put another way, your "problem" is a ludicrous straw-man)
I'm not sure why the author finds it helpful to adopt a sneering tone. Earth to Robert: Fred Pearce already mentioned the problem of increasing resource consumption, and he already stressed the need to provide adequate family planning services to world's rich and poor alike. If you have a further point to add to his, I'm not sure what it is.
Yes, Robert, there are a lot of people on the planet, and it is trivially true to point out that people are the source of environmental problems. But everyone already agrees that preventing unwanted pregnancy is a good thing. Beyond this obvious measure, what opportunities do we have to address environmental problems via population control?
Sorry, Robert, rattling off a list of problems does not amount to a substantive critique. Failed states are not primarily the result of high birth rates. Neither, for that matter, is lack of access to drinking water. These problems are vexing, long-term development challenges, and they won't be solved via lazy scaremongering about population growth.
@Ladybug
A case of the pot calling the kettle black, in a sneering tone no less?
--"Failed states are not primarily the result of high birth rates."--
I did not see the word "primarily" in his sentence, suggesting that somebody inserted it on their own recognizance. High fertility rates exasperate poverty, which does little to facilitate effective governance.
And a lack of access to drinking water is also exacerbated by the number of people seeking it. Powerful word, exacerbate.
---"These problems ... won't be solved via lazy scaremongering about population growth."---
Lazy? Scaremongering? Nice, an insult followed up with yet another strawman ...
Thank you, for challenging Pearce, who, I have to say, should not be given this publicity for his unbalanced and very limited views. Pearce paints a straw man. I know of no credible environmentalist who blames our global predicament on population alone (does Pearce quote anyone?) In fact, until recently, only a very few very brave people (eg Lester Brown, Paul Ehrlich and Maurice King) even mentioned that population was part of our problem. And people who villify them do so from a position of ignorance, as none have ever claimed population is the only issue (eg Ehrlich and Holdren's I=PAT formula from 1971; Brown has for decades campaigned to promote a global energy transition; King, a father of primary health care, has campaigned for social justice and public health since the 1960s). More importantly, Pearce (and his ideological ally George Monbiot) don't seem to understand or acknowledge how rapid pop'n growth in low income countries makes economic takeoff so much harder, thus perpetuating poverty. Norman Borlaug warned the Green Revolution would permit a short respite if pop'n growth was not lowered; Reagan became the first in a line of US presidents to dismiss Malthus, and for that matter to dismiss Borlaug. Reagan's policies (excessive faith in the market) led indirectly to the Global Financial Crisis and BP's Gulf Oil calamity. It may also lead to irruptive population growth, at the global scale (ie a large crash). Pearce does this issue a disservice, as does Grist - though a quick glance at the comments suggests virtually no commentator supports Pearce.
Seems to me that fertility is only a small facet of the population dynamic. The majority of people on the planet may be having less children, but it is not significant enough to counter increases in longevity. It is remarkable how much longer people are living, pretty much everywhere, but of course, most notably in the developed nations where people tend to consume the most. It is great that people are living longer, of course, but that does come with a price. No matter how many people choose not to have children or decide that having one child is enough, we in the wealthiest of nations must curb our consumption.
Of course population plays a big part in sustainability, but there is a bigger reason why we discuss the issue and it all boils down to this basic question: How much do we need to lessen our dependency on natural resources before 6 billion + becomes a sustainable number? How much do we need to lessen our dependency before 8 billion + becomes a sustainable number? Reframed, how much do we have to lessen the population before our current consumption becomes sustainable? Now, which of those three questions would you like to answer? Not too many would chose the last one.
That is all I have to say. Now it is time for the trolls to launch their attack at me *ho hum*
@Jennifer Dolan
Great that you brought this up, as I too rarely see longevity mentioned as part of overpopulation discussions. Likely because we can talk about preventing people in far away lands from breeding with fair detachment. . . but talking about limiting our lifespan, that's far too close to home to consider even for a moment.
I like the way they run things in Logan's Run. Maybe we can adopt a similar program? :)
Also, what's with the smiley next to my icon? Anyone know?
@Jennifer Dolan
It is obvious to me that lessening our consumption is an absolute requirement for attaining a sustainable ecology, whether we are 6 billion, 8 billion, or even 4 billion.
It is also obvious to me that curbing our consumerism need not be the cause of a lowering of lifestyle, but could actual increase our level of comfort and satisfaction. Of course, such a change will require some redesigning of what it means to have a good lifestyle. For instance, do we really need individual packages around our ketchup servings? At one time, we used returnable glass bottles for milk: Is that so inconvenient? Does 90% of all of the purchases we make have to be useless within a year? The trappings of our throw-away culture are a much bigger hindrance to the spread of a better lifestyle to the developing world than anything else I can think of.
@Jennifer Dolan
I think this is an excellent point! I'm not sure that calculations of population and its impact include longevity or for that matter actual regional energy consumption. There is certainly a way to make a careful model that reflect these things. A simple example if the average age at death in the west is 70 and in another third world country its 35 then the basic consumption needs of each region is 2 to 1 i.e. two third world people consume as much water as 1 west region person. Because of health care and its burdens at birth ad death the actual resource, water and energy burden is much more complex but certainly something that can be calculated.
In the end we expect to go to a world where the average per year and per person resource impact is the same world over. The average not the individual we hope to continue to live in and benefit from the freedoms which certainly mean that every person will not have the same resources as every other person.
@attoman
Estimates of longevity are usually included in calculations of population birth/death rates.
The consumption of energy obviously varies from region to region, but I don't think one can make the assumptions that you have made (that a 70/35 longevity rate comparison translates directly to a 2/1 energy consumption rate). There are simply too many other factors that would be involved for it to be that simple.
Different regions of the world will necessarily have different energy requirements, if only because of variations in the local climates. How convenient that we happen to live in, and benefit from freedoms that give us more resources than many others on the planet. However, since one can not give up what one does not have, so it falls upon those that have to give up their excesses, so that those who have not might have enough. As for the freedoms we so enjoy in the U.S.A., how many of those benefits derive from the absence, or our exploitation of the absence of those same freedoms, in other parts of the world?
I hope you did not intend to indicate that one group deserves more resources more than any other group. Perfect distribution of resources, while a lofty goal, is probably unattainable, but I would hope that access to resources will eventually be made more equitable on a world wide basis, so that everyone will at least have a sufficiency. Without such goals, how can we have the audacity to trumpet any claims to building a better ...read more
All you have to do is fly across the U.S. during the day and see what humans have done to the planet.
Then look at animals housed under crowded conditions.
Either we control our population or it will be controlled for us.
A cooler head has prevailed.
A man whose job depends on there being a "population crisis" takes issue with an article suggesting that population growth might not warrant the "Everybody Panic!" mentality he needs to exist in order to earn his daily bread.
And the sheep he shears bleat approvingly. Just like Hal Lindsey's did every time he needed another dollar.
Color me unsurprised.
@sstaff
One could make the same arguments for Fred Pearce, who keeps garnering media attention by hawking decades old fertility data as something new, and making the ridiculous illogical leap that the numbers of people consuming is irrelevant.
And your "Everybody Panic!" statement is a yet another strawman defending an article built on them. I see no signs of panic in the comment fields.
His perspective isn't novel. It has been borrowed from the religionists and repacked. And you won't find a bigger flock of bleating sheep (being fleeced) than that one. Read "Republican Gomorrah."